Wednesday 8 May 2013

7.16 describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom and how it accounts for the results of Geiger and Marsden’s experiment and understand the factors (charge and speed) which affect the deflection of alpha particles by a nucleus

The nuclear model of an atom is the one we all know: a central nucleus with positive protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by orbiting negative electrons.

Before the Geiger Marsden experiment, the 'plum pudding' model of an atom was believed: a positive sphere contained negative electrons dotted inside. If this was true the alpha particles would have gone straight through the sheet of gold and all come out the other side.

What actually happened was that some were deflected at different angles, this showed that the positive alpha particles were being repelled by a positive charge and others were going through the space between the charged areas. The faster they hit it the faster they were repelled. This is where the idea was formed of a nucleus and orbiting electrons.

42 comments:

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  3. Why would the alpha particles go straight through the sheet of gold?

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    Replies
    1. Because alpha particles are basically hydrogen molecules which are really small and 99.9999999...% of atoms are empty space so most can just go straight through and they may dislodge electrons as they do so

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    2. no they are helium molecules

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    3. 2 protons, 2 electrons and 2 neutrons

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